<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>&#256S&#256 K&#298 V&#256R</TITLE>਍㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ
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<p class="C1">&#65279&#256S&#256 K&#298 V&#256R, as recorded in the index to the Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib, but commonly designated <i>&#256s&#257 d&#299 V&#257r</i>, lit. an ode (<i>v&#257r</i>) in the musical measure &#256s&#257, is a composition by Gur&#363 N&#257nak sung by musicians at Sikh congregations as part of the early morning service. &#256s&#257 is the <i>r&#257ga</i> of pre-dawn hours and the custom of reciting the hymn at morning time is traced to the days of Gur&#363 N&#257nak himself. It is said that Bh&#257&#299 Lahi&#7751&#257 (later, Gur&#363 A&#7749gad) was the first to sing it in the presence of Gur&#363 N&#257nak. The <i>V&#257r</i> then comprised twenty-four <i>pau&#7771&#299s</i> or stanzas by Gur&#363 N&#257nak and some <i>&#347lokas</i> which were also of his composition as indicated in the title given it by Gur&#363 Arjan when entering the composition in the Holy Book (<i>salok bh&#299 mahalle pahile ke likhe</i>), the <i>&#347lokas</i> were also composed by the First Guru, Gur&#363 N&#257nak. In its present form, it carries twenty-four stanzas with a total of fifty-nine <i>&#347lokas</i>, 45 by Gur&#363 N&#257nak and 14 by Gur&#363 A&#7749gad. At the time of recitation, the choir will prefix each of the stanzas by a quatrain from the series by Gur&#363 R&#257m D&#257s entered separately under R&#257ga &#256s&#257, collectively known as <i>chhakk&#257s</i>, or sextettes from the groups of six quatrains each counting as a unit. They will also punctuate the singing with illustrative hymns from Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib and with passages from Bh&#257&#299 Gurd&#257s and Bh&#257&#299 Nand L&#257l whose compositions constitute approved texts. According to the musical direction recorded by Gur&#363 Arjan at the beginning of the <i>V&#257r</i>, it is meant to be recited in the tune of an old folk ballad which had as its hero a prince by the name of Asr&#257j&#257, called &#7788u&#7751&#7693&#257 Asr&#257j because of a maimed hand (&#7789u&#7751&#7693&#257).</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䘀爀漀洀 瀀愀猀猀愀最攀 琀漀 瀀愀猀猀愀最攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀嘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀㰀⼀椀㸀 琀漀甀挀栀攀猀 甀瀀漀渀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 琀栀攀洀攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 漀渀攀 挀攀渀琀爀愀氀 瀀漀椀渀琀 漀昀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀 漀昀 洀愀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀漀眀 栀攀 洀愀礀 氀椀戀攀爀愀琀攀 栀椀洀猀攀氀昀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 戀漀渀搀愀最攀 漀昀 猀攀氀昀 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀攀 栀椀洀猀攀氀昀 昀漀爀 甀渀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 䐀椀瘀椀渀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀攀砀琀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 猀琀爀攀眀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀攀氀氀椀渀最 猀漀挀椀愀氀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀氀氀猀 漀昀 挀漀渀琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀爀礀 氀椀昀攀 ⴀ 椀琀猀 椀渀攀焀甀愀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀爀琀椀昀椀挀椀愀氀椀琀椀攀猀 ⴀ 愀爀攀 猀栀愀爀瀀氀礀 渀漀琀椀挀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 氀椀渀攀猀 愀氀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 洀漀爀愀氀 搀攀挀愀礀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀搀 猀攀琀 椀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀栀漀眀椀渀最 栀漀眀 挀愀渀琀Ⰰ 栀礀瀀漀挀爀椀猀礀 愀渀搀 猀甀瀀攀爀猀琀椀琀椀漀渀 瀀愀猀猀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 渀愀洀攀 漀昀 爀攀氀椀最椀漀渀 愀渀搀 栀漀眀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 栀愀搀 戀攀最甀渀 愀瀀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀爀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀 漀昀 琀栀攀椀爀 昀漀爀攀椀最渀 洀愀猀琀攀爀猀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The <i>V&#257r </i>opens with the praise of the Gur&#363, the spiritual preceptor, who brings light into the world. "Were a hundred of moons to rise and a thousand suns, the light so created will be but utter darkness without the Gur&#363. " In this <i>&#347lok&#257</i> Gur&#363 A&#7749gad is saying how vital the Gur&#363's instruction is for the individual. God, says Gur&#363 N&#257nak, is the creator of all that exists and in His creation He manifested His name. He, the Beneficent One, is the source of mercy and grace (1). They who attach themselves to His Name are the winners in life; the rest remain losers (2).</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀伀渀攀 眀椀氀氀 昀椀渀搀 戀礀 䠀椀猀 最爀愀挀攀 愀氀漀渀攀 琀栀攀 琀爀甀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 眀栀漀 瀀甀琀猀 栀椀洀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀愀琀栀 漀昀 爀椀最栀琀攀漀甀猀渀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 栀攀氀瀀猀 栀椀洀 爀椀搀 栀椀洀猀攀氀昀 漀昀 栀椀猀 攀最漀 ⠀㌀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 眀椀氀氀 爀攀瘀攀愀氀 琀漀 栀椀洀 琀栀攀 琀爀甀琀栀⸀ 圀椀琀栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 愀椀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀Ⰰ 渀漀 漀渀攀 栀愀猀 挀漀洀瀀爀攀栀攀渀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 刀攀愀氀椀琀礀⸀ 吀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 栀攀氀瀀猀 漀渀攀 琀漀 漀瘀攀爀挀漀洀攀 漀渀攀✀猀 愀琀琀愀挀栀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 眀栀愀琀 椀猀 甀渀爀攀愀氀 愀渀搀 氀攀愀搀猀 漀渀攀 琀漀 氀椀戀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 攀瘀攀爀氀愀猀琀椀渀最 ⠀㘀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 眀栀漀 挀栀攀爀椀猀栀 琀栀攀 琀爀甀攀 䰀漀爀搀 琀甀爀渀 渀漀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 昀攀攀琀 琀漀眀愀爀搀猀 猀椀渀⸀ 吀栀攀椀爀 瀀愀琀栀 椀猀 瀀愀瘀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 最漀漀搀 搀攀攀搀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀礀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀猀攀 爀椀最栀琀攀漀甀猀渀攀猀猀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 猀椀渀最 瀀爀愀椀猀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀甀瀀爀攀洀攀 䈀攀椀渀最 愀渀搀 爀攀樀漀椀挀攀 椀渀 䠀椀猀 最爀愀挀攀 ⠀㜀⤀⸀ 䄀氀氀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀愀氀 愀挀琀猀 漀昀 瀀椀攀琀礀 愀渀搀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 愀甀猀琀攀爀椀琀椀攀猀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 愀琀 栀漀氀礀 瀀氀愀挀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 漀昀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 愀氀漀渀攀 眀椀氀氀 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 琀栀攀 䰀漀爀搀 眀栀漀 最椀瘀攀 䠀椀洀 琀栀攀椀爀 氀漀瘀椀渀最 搀攀瘀漀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䜀漀搀✀猀 漀眀渀 洀椀渀猀琀爀攀氀Ⰰ 一☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀愀欀Ⰰ 猀攀攀欀猀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 爀攀洀愀椀渀 愀戀猀漀爀戀攀搀 椀渀 䠀椀洀 ⠀㤀⤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the world beyond neither caste nor power will prevail. They alone will receive honour there who are by the Lord favoured. Sweetness and humility are the essence of all virtue. Rejecting the sacred thread of the high-born, Gur&#363 N&#257nak tells the Br&#257hma&#7751 that he had little use for the ceremonial cord which got soiled and broke. What he would rather have was a cord made of the cotton of compassion, spun into the thread of contentment, twisted with truth and knitted with continence. He who submits to the Lord's will is approved and is received at the divine portal. Commenting upon the hypocrisy prevalent in contemporary society, he says that Br&#257hma&#7751s wear their traditional apparels and plant the saffron mark on their foreheads, yet they eat the grain they receive from those they call unclean. Inside their homes they worship their idols, and outside they read books of the Muslims and take to their ways. Those wearing the sacred thread round their neck carry in their hand the butcher's knife.</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 眀漀洀愀渀 眀栀漀 栀愀猀 最椀瘀攀渀 戀椀爀琀栀 琀漀 愀 挀栀椀氀搀 椀猀 渀漀琀 椀洀瀀甀爀攀 愀猀 琀栀攀 挀甀猀琀漀洀 搀攀挀爀攀攀猀⸀ 䤀洀瀀甀爀攀 椀猀 琀栀攀 洀椀渀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 昀椀氀氀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 挀漀瘀攀琀漀甀猀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 椀洀瀀甀爀攀 椀猀 琀栀攀 琀漀渀最甀攀 眀栀椀挀栀 甀琀琀攀爀猀 昀愀氀猀攀栀漀漀搀Ⰰ 椀洀瀀甀爀攀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 攀礀攀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 氀漀漀欀 愀琀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀✀猀 眀漀洀愀渀㬀 椀洀瀀甀爀攀 椀猀 琀栀攀 攀愀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀攀愀爀猀 猀氀愀渀搀攀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀洀瀀甀爀椀琀礀 漀昀 椀洀瀀甀爀椀琀椀攀猀 椀猀 琀漀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 愀琀琀愀挀栀攀搀 琀漀 愀渀礀漀渀攀⼀愀渀礀琀栀椀渀最 漀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 䠀椀洀⸀ 圀栀礀 挀愀氀氀 眀漀洀愀渀 攀瘀椀氀 漀昀 眀栀漀洀 最爀攀愀琀 洀攀渀 愀爀攀 戀漀爀渀㼀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do not stigmatize anyone as evil. That is the essence of all knowledge. Nor should one argue with a fool (19). He who carries a harsh tongue, his mind and body are both impaired. In the true Lord's court will he be discarded. Remember always the Lord by cherishing whom one lives ever in comfort (21). How just are they who sow poison and hope to distil nectar from it ? Infinite, unlimited is the Lord. He Himself is the doer and He Himself causes things to be done. Before whom else may one lay one's appeal (23)? Beyond enumerating are the excellences of the Supreme Being. He is the Creator, the Beneficent One, the Sustainer of all. One but does what one is assigned to.</p>਍㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="BIB">਍䈀䤀䈀䰀䤀伀䜀刀䄀倀䠀夀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀漀氀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 吀攀樀愀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䄀猀愀 搀椀 嘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䄀洀爀椀琀猀愀爀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀㠀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Vohr&#257, &#256sh&#257 Nand, <i>&#256s&#257 k&#299 V&#257r</i>. Rohtak, 1969<BR>਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 䬀漀栀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀Ⰰ 匀甀爀椀渀搀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 一☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀愀欀㨀 䨀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀瘀愀渀Ⰰ 䐀愀爀猀栀愀渀 愀琀攀 䬀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀瘀椀ⴀ䬀愀氀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䌀栀愀渀搀椀最愀爀栀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀㤀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> V&#299r Si&#7749gh, Bh&#257&#299, <i>Sa&#7749thy&#257 Sr&#299 Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib</i>. Amritsar, 1975<BR>਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀匀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀欀 ☀⌀㈀㔀㘀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 搀椀 嘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䄀洀爀椀琀猀愀爀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㠀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Sher Si&#7749gh, Gi&#257n&#299, <i>&#7788ik&#257 &#256s&#257 d&#299 V&#257r </i> (3 parts). R&#257walpi&#7751&#7693&#299, 1910-20<BR>਍㰀⼀漀氀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀伀一吀∀㸀䐀栀愀爀愀洀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀㰀戀爀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀⸀愀猀瀀砀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀㸀ഀഀ
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